Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) are a major health concern, impacting millions globally. To help you stay informed and take control of your respiratory health, join us as we break down everything you need to know about ARIs. In this first installment, we focus on Upper Respiratory Infections (URIs) – their causes, symptoms, treatment options and prevention strategies.

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What are URIs?

An upper respiratory infection (URI) refers to infections of the upper respiratory system, including the nose, sinuses, throat, and larynx. While most URIs are caused by viruses, some can involve bacteria.

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What are the common types?

· Common Cold: Viral infection of the nose and throat

· Sinusitis: Infection or inflammation of the sinuses

· Pharyngitis: Sore throat, often caused by viruses or Streptococcus bacteria

· Laryngitis: Inflammation of the voice box

· Tonsillitis: Inflammation of the tonsils

· Epiglottitis: Rare, but involves inflammation of the epiglottis

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What symptoms should you notice?

· Nasal congestion or runny nose

· Cough

· Sore or scratchy throat

· Sneezing

· Mild fever (more common in children)

· Fatigue

· Headache or facial pressure

· Hoarseness (in cases of laryngitis)

· Swollen lymph nodes (in some cases)

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What causes URIs?

· Viruses: Rhinovirus, coronavirus, influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus

· Bacteria: Less common, but may include Streptococcus pyogenes (strep throat)

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How can you treat it?

· Supportive Care (for viral infections):

· Rest and hydration

· Over-the-counter pain relievers (e.g., ibuprofen or paracetamol)

· Decongestants or saline nasal sprays

· Cough suppressants or throat lozenges

· Antibiotics

· Home Remedies (e.g. Warm saltwater gargles, Honey and lemon to soothe the throat,

Steam inhalation for congestion)

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When are antibiotics needed?

Only if a bacterial infection is confirmed (e.g., strep throat)

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How can you prevent URIs?

· Practice good hygiene, such as frequent handwashing with soap and water

· Get vaccinated (e.g., flu vaccine)

· Avoid touching your eyes, mouth, and nose

· Avoid smoking and reduce exposure to air pollution

· Stay away from crowded places when possible

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When should you see a doctor?

Seek medical attention if:

· Symptoms persist or worsen after 10 days

· High fever or severe headache occurs

· There is difficulty breathing or swallowing

· Swelling of the face or eyes develops

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Take charge of your respiratory health today! Book an appointment with Beaver Health to learn more about preventing and managing acute respiratory infections effectively. Call us now at +233(0)30 804 0055.